Mitchell B. Merback is professor of the history of art at Johns Hopkins University. He is the author of The Thief, the Cross and the Wheel: Pain and the Spectacle of Punishment in Medieval and Renaissance Europe (1999); Pilgrimage and Pogrom: Violence, Memory, and Visual Culture at the Host-Miracle Shrines of Germany and Austria (2013); and Perfection's Therapy: An Essay on Albrecht Dürer's Melencolia I (forthcoming). Recently awarded a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship; he is investigating the role of tragic recognition as a motif and metatheme in Christian art before 1600.